His films frequently feature atonal and serialist compositions, particularly through collaborations with composer Peer Raben, creating a dissonant soundscape that mirrors modernist aesthetic principles.
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Michelangelo Antonioni·Italy
His use of contemporary classical and experimental music scores—especially by composers like Vittorio Gelmetti and Giovanni Fusco—emphasizes silence and fragmented tonality to convey existential alienation.
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Stanley Kubrick·USA
He deliberately employed modernist composers like György Ligeti and commissioned avant-garde scores that use unconventional orchestration and atonality to create unsettling, cerebral atmospheres.