absence of parental guidance

His films like 'Nobody Knows' and 'Shoplifters' poignantly explore children navigating life without adequate parental care and the makeshift families they create.

His socially conscious films such as 'Kes' and 'I, Daniel Blake' depict vulnerable youth struggling against systems with absent or incapable parental figures.

His provocative works like 'Kids' and 'Bully' unflinchingly document adolescents left to their own devices in environments devoid of meaningful parental oversight.