amputation

Explores bodily fragmentation and loss of wholeness as metaphors for psychological trauma and existential dread in films like 'Eraserhead' and 'The Elephant Man'.

Depicts amputation and bodily mutilation as consequences of class violence and social fragmentation in 'Oldboy' and 'The Handmaiden'.

Investigates the body's transformation and dismemberment as sites of horror, evolution, and transgression throughout his body-horror filmography.