cinematic self-portraiture

His films like '8½' and 'Amarcord' blur the line between autobiography and fiction, making the director's psyche and creative process central to the narrative itself.

She pioneered documentary self-portraiture through films like 'The Gleaners and I,' directly addressing the camera and making her perspective, aging, and mortality integral to her filmmaking.

His surrealist films like 'Mulholland Drive' and 'The Elephant Man' function as explorations of his own subconscious, fears, and artistic obsessions projected onto fragmented cinematic narratives.