drug abuse

His film 'Requiem for a Dream' is a visceral, unflinching portrait of addiction in all its forms, using innovative visual techniques to immerse viewers in the psychological devastation of drug abuse.

'Trainspotting' revolutionized cinema's depiction of heroin addiction by combining dark humor, style, and raw authenticity to explore the lives of Scottish drug users.

His meditative film 'The Assassin' and broader body of work subtly examine alienation and dependency, while films like 'Flowers of Shanghai' explore addiction to desire and control in society.