infertility and parenthood

His films like 'Like Father, Like Son' and 'Our Little Sister' explore unconventional families, parenthood, and what it means to be a parent beyond biological ties.

He examines alternative paths to parenthood and family structures in films like 'All About My Mother' and 'Volver,' addressing desire, sacrifice, and maternal bonds.

Her films including 'You Were Never Really Here' and 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' deeply investigate the psychological complexities and struggles of parenthood and parental responsibility.