loss of faith

His films like 'The Seventh Seal' and 'Winter Light' are existential meditations on doubt, spiritual crisis, and the absence of God.

He explored the collision between religious tradition and modern disillusionment in works like 'The Gospel According to St. Matthew' and 'Teorema'.

His metaphysical films such as 'Stalker' and 'Nostalghia' probe spiritual yearning, doubt, and the search for meaning in a faithless world.