master-apprentice relationship

His films consistently explore mentorship and spiritual growth, most notably in Spirited Away and Howl's Moving Castle where characters learn from wise figures.

He deeply examines the master-apprentice dynamic through crime and passion, particularly in Goodfellas, The Irishman, and his frequent collaborations with actors he mentors.

His samurai films like Seven Samurai and Sanjuro are built on the transmission of wisdom and skill between masters and students across generations.