nudity

His films use nudity as a means to explore existential alienation and the human body's relationship to modernity, most notably in L'Avventura and Blow-Up.

He employs nudity to confront taboos and examine vulnerability, shame, and the female form under psychological and physical duress in works like Antichrist and Nymphomaniac.

His provocative films use nudity and the body as sites of political and sexual transgression to challenge bourgeois morality and explore desire in Salò and Teorema.