orphanhood

His films like 'Nobody Knows' and 'Shoplifters' intimately explore orphaned and abandoned children navigating survival and makeshift family bonds.

His socially conscious works such as 'Kes' and 'I, Daniel Blake' depict vulnerable youth and children without parental support struggling against systemic neglect.

Her films including 'We Need to Talk About Kevin' and 'You Were Never Really Here' examine fractured family relationships and psychological orphaning through fragmented narratives.