proof of devotion

His films relentlessly explore extreme suffering and sacrifice as tests of faith and devotion, particularly in works like Breaking the Waves and Dogville.

His meditative, spiritual cinema examines devotion to art, faith, and ideals through characters willing to endure hardship for their beliefs, as seen in Stalker and Andrei Rublev.

He explores obsessive devotion to craft, ideology, and relationships through complex characters who sacrifice everything for their pursuits in films like There Will Be Blood and The Master.