religious relics

His films like *Andrei Rublev* and *Stalker* profoundly explore spirituality, faith, and the sacred through meditative visual poetry and metaphysical inquiry.

He challenged religious institutions and iconography in works like *The Gospel According to St. Matthew* and *Salò*, interrogating the sacred and profane with provocative intensity.

His masterpieces *The Passion of Joan of Arc* and *Vampyr* examine faith, martyrdom, and spiritual transcendence through haunting, austere cinematography.