scarcity and resource control

His films like Parasite and Snowpiercer directly explore class hierarchy and resource scarcity as central metaphors for social inequality.

His neorealist cinema consistently examines poverty, welfare systems, and how institutional control of resources shapes working-class survival.

Her documentary and narrative work, particularly Vagabond and The Gleaners and I, intimately portrays lives navigating material scarcity and societal resource exclusion.