self-injury

His films like *Black Swan* and *The Fountain* explore psychological deterioration and self-destruction through visceral, body-horror cinematography.

He confronts trauma, depression, and self-harm unflinchingly in works like *Antichrist* and *Melancholia*, using graphic imagery to examine suffering.

His films such as *Irréversible* and *Climax* depict self-destructive behavior and bodily harm with experimental, immersive techniques.