substance abuse

His films like 'Requiem for a Dream' and 'The Wrestler' provide visceral, unflinching explorations of addiction and its psychological devastation.

He examines drug addiction and its social consequences through intimate character studies in films like 'Drugstore Cowboy' and 'My Own Private Idaho'.

His film 'Trainspotting' becomes a cultural touchstone for depicting heroin addiction with dark humor, visceral style, and unforgettable humanity.