substitute teaching

His semi-autobiographical films like 'The 400 Blows' deeply explore the relationship between students and educators as transformative forces in coming-of-age narratives.

Films like 'Up the Down Staircase' and '12 Angry Men' examine how individuals step into positions of authority and guide others through moral and intellectual awakening.

His neorealist works like 'Kes' feature protagonists who become unlikely mentors and substitute father figures, exploring class and personal transformation through alternative relationships.