unexplained pregnancy

His films frequently explore unexpected pregnancies and motherhood as catalysts for examining desire, identity, and social convention, most notably in 'All About My Mother' and 'Volver'.

He probes the emotional and social complexities of unplanned pregnancies with naturalistic depth in works like 'Vera Drake' and 'Another Year', revealing character through intimate crisis.

Her films grapple with pregnancy, motherhood, and bodily autonomy as manifestations of psychological and existential uncertainty, particularly in 'Bastards' and 'Let the Sunshine In'.