unreliable memory

His films like *Memento* and *The Prestige* systematically deconstruct memory as a narrative device, forcing viewers to question what they've witnessed.

*Mulholland Drive* and *Inland Empire* plunge into the fractured, dreamlike nature of memory where reality and fabrication become indistinguishable.

*Irréversible* uses reverse chronology to demonstrate how memory reconstructs events unreliably, trapping viewers in subjective perception rather than objective truth.