urbanization and displacement

His films meticulously document the erasure of traditional urban spaces and communities through Taiwan's rapid modernization, particularly in works like 'City of Sadness' and 'Millennium Mambo'.

His socially conscious cinema repeatedly explores how working-class communities are displaced and marginalized by urban development and capitalist forces, as seen in 'I, Daniel Blake' and 'The Spirit of '45'.

Her films like 'The Rider' and 'Nomadland' powerfully examine displacement resulting from economic collapse, resource extraction, and the disappearance of stable urban and rural livelihoods.